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Tour de France 2019
Dates: 6-Jul-2019 to 28-Jul-2019
Location: SEVERAL | BELGIUM & FRANCE
The Tour de France is an annual men’s multiple stage bicycle race primarily held in France, while also occasionally passing through nearby countries. Like the other Grand Tours, it consists of 21 day-long stages over the course of 23 days
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About the Tour de France
A major sporting event such as the Tour de France cannot, of course, do without a set of rules. While the rules at the beginning of the Tour at the beginning of the 20th century were rather lax, today drivers and teams have to be familiar with a whole series of guidelines. From the conditions of participation to the different jersey colours to the catering, a lot has to be taken into account.
Starting eligibility
The organising committee of the Tour de France invites about 20 teams each year to take part in the Tour de France. Success in other races is just as important as the clean record of the individual riders. According to the organisation, it is anxious to exclude doping offenders from the outset, even if this is not always possible.
This explains the signature that the drivers have had to put under a declaration of honour since 2007. With the signature they declare that they renounce any doping. Riders who do not sign are not allowed to start. If doping is proved despite the signature, the drivers must pay a penalty equal to their annual salary.
Catering
Once a stage has begun, the riders can no longer take a break. Some things, such as eating and drinking, have to be done on the bike. On average, riders consume about 7500 calories per stage, so a balanced and regular diet is essential.
Teams can pass food bags to their riders in designated food zones. The main contents are extremely sugary foods: power bars, sweet little cakes and a Coke.
On the last 20 kilometres of a stage the riders may not be served anything, but until then the sporting leaders can also give their riders food and drinks from the team wagon. Also the spectators offer lunch packages to the drivers again and again. Usually, however, the drivers do without them.
Timekeeping
In general, the time is rounded up to full seconds. Only in the event of a tie will tenths and hundredths of a second be counted for the placement. The distances between the individual riders and groups of riders are scored at the finish. If riders in a group cross the finish line, all riders will be scored with the same time.
Since 2005 a special regulation has been added: Should a rider fall within the last three kilometres before the finish, he will be scored with the same time as the group with which he drove at the time of the fall.
A time limit is set for each stage and only the riders who reach the finish within this limit will be counted. If the race control determines that 20 percent of the riders will not cross the finish line until this limit has expired, it may subsequently loosen the time limit.
Yellow jersey
The yellow jersey will be given to the leader of the overall standings. All stage times are added together and the one with the lowest total time may wear the yellow jersey.
The “maillot jaune” has been in existence since 1919. The spectators should be able to recognize the fastest easily. The colour goes back to an idea of the organizer Henri Desgrange. As editor-in-chief of the magazine “L’Auto” he wanted to identify the front-runner with the magazine printed on yellow paper.
Green jersey
The green jersey has been awarded to the best sprinter since 1953. Flat stages are more important here than mountain stages. Intermediate sprints are also included in the evaluation. But most points are awarded for the stage victory. If there is a tie of points, the driver who has clinched more stage victories wins.
Mountain jersey
The mountain jersey is probably the one with the strangest colouring: white ground with red dots. These colours go back to a chocolate manufacturer who had the idea to introduce a mountain classification in 1933. Menier’s” chocolate is wrapped in white paper with red dots.
In 1933, the first best climber was honoured, but the jersey itself was not awarded until 1975. Here, too, the points are awarded according to a system of its own, which classifies the individual mountains into five difficulty levels. The categories increase from category four for easy hills to the “Hors Catégorie” (honorary category) for steep peaks.
White jersey
The best junior rider of the season has had the white jersey since 1975, with an interruption. The driver may not be older than 25 years. In the years 1989 to 1999 the white jersey was suspended. In the meantime, however, it is awarded regularly again. It can happen that the same driver wins both the white and the yellow jersey. Jan Ullrich did this in 1997 and the Spaniard Alberto Contador followed him in 2007.
Red back number
The most competitive driver is rewarded with a red back number on his jersey. An expert jury, composed of athletes, journalists and the race director, determines which driver is entitled to this title. Criteria for the red back number are fighting spirit and attempts to escape, but also the drivers’ ability to suffer.
Team classification
27 years after the first Tour de France in 1903 there was a team classification for the first time. The times of the best three riders in a team are calculated and added for each stage. Teams with less than three riders cannot be judged. The riders of the fastest team will be equipped with a yellow back number. In the past, yellow caps were distributed, but since helmets have been mandatory for some time, the back numbers are now coloured.
Offences
A team of race commissioners monitors the observance of the rules during the ride from the motorcycle. If one of the riders violates the rules, he will be liable to fines, time penalties or even disqualification. In sprint situations, for example, the rule keepers make sure that the driving lines are adhered to and that the drivers do not push team mates. They punish offences with a reset in the daily classification if necessary.
There are always exceptions to the rule. If, for example, a driver is being looked after by a doctor or his bike needs to be repaired, the race commissioners usually turn a blind eye when the driver briefly starts off in the slipstream of the team car.
Breakdown assistance and medical care
If a driver has a breakdown during the tour, either a team car or a neutral material car is nearby to help out. However, the cars may only act on the right side of the road behind a runaway group or the main peloton. The drivers get medical help from a doctor of the official medical service, also behind the main peloton of the drivers.